Biodegradación de polietilenglicol 400 con consorcio de Pseudomonas sp. y Rhizobium trifolii

Se evaluó la biodegradación de polietilenglicol de peso molecular 400 - PEG 400 con el consorcio Pseudomonas sp. y Rhizobium trifolii en reactores en Batch; para determinar las condiciones óptimas de operación del reactor se preparó medio con sales mínimas esenciales suplementado con peptonaCSMEP; en estos medios se estimó el comportamiento del consorcio con condiciones de temperatura entre 15-37°C, pH en un rango de 5-9 y concentración de PEG 400 del .1-2%. Con los resultados obtenidos en estos ensayos previos se ensamblaron tres reactores en Batch - BK. Se analizaron 14 muestras del contenido de cada uno de los reactores durante 20 días para medir la biodegradación del PEG 400 usando demanda química de oxígeno - DQO en sistema de digestión cerrado. Se obtuvo una disminución de hasta el 98.5% del poliéter, lo que mostró que la simbiosis fue efectiva para alcanzar una remoción importante del contaminante.

The biodegradation of polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 400 - PEG 400 was evaluated with the consortium Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizobium trifolii in Batch reactors. To determine the optimal operating conditions of the reactor, a medium with minimum essential salts supplemented with CSMEP peptone was prepared; In these media, the behavior of the consortium was estimated with temperature conditions between 15-37°C, pH in a range of 5-9 and PEG 400 concentration of .1-2%. With the results obtained in these previous tests, three Batch - BK reactors were assembled. 14 samples of the contents of each one of the reactors were analyzed during 20 days to measure the biodegradation of PEG 400 using chemical oxygen demand - COD in a closed digestion system. A decrease of up to 98.5% of the polyether was obtained, which showed that the symbiosis was effective to achieve an important removal of the contaminant.

Establecimiento de biofloc a tres relaciones carbono/nitrógeno, tendiente a la producción de zooplancton / Establishment of biofloc at three carbon/nitrogen ratios, tending to the production of zooplankton

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer el biofloc a tres relaciones carbono/ nitrógeno (C/N): 10/1, 15/1 y 20/1, determinando la secuencia de remoción de N, el perfil de sólidos y la caracterización del zooplancton, para tal fin se dispuso de tres tanques con volumen de 7000 L, incorporando oxígeno al agua a través de un aireador tipo soplador. Se utilizó como fuente de N balanceado, fuente de carbono melaza y bicarbonato de sodio como fuente alcalinizante. Al inicio se incrementó el nitrógeno amoniacal total NAT a 2 mg/L, la alcalinidad total (AT) a 120 mg/L y se adicionó como inóculo 10 litros/tanque de agua proveniente de un estanque de cultivo, al sexto y décimo días se adicionó balanceado incrementando teóricamente el NAT en 4 mg/L y a partir del día 12 en 1 mg/L. En las tres relaciones C/N se evidenciaron procesos de nitrificación durante la estabilización del biofloc, hasta llegar en el tiempo a concentraciones no letales de amonio y nitrito para peces, menores a 1 mg/L. En cuanto a los sólidos volátiles, se encontró una mayor concentración en la relación 20/1, lo cual puede atribuirse a la mayor adición de melaza, con la consecuente producción de SSV a partir de la dominancia de comunidades heterotróficas, en los tres macrocosmos se presentaron comunidades del zooplancton, no obstante, el T2 presentaron la mayor abundancia y riqueza de organismos. Las tres relaciones C/N en biofloc establecieron condiciones de calidad de agua y alimento vivo.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to establish the biofloc at three carbon/nitrogen (C/N) relationships: 10/1, 15/1 and 20/1, determining the N removal sequence, the solids profile and the characterization of the zooplankton, for this purpose three tanks with a volume of 7000 L were available, incorporating oxygen into the water through a blower-type aerator. It was used as a source of balanced N, a source of carbon molasses and sodium bicarbonate as an alkalizing source. At the beginning, the total ammoniacal nitrogen NAT was increased to 2 mg/L, the total alkalinity (AT) to 120 mg/L and 10 liters / tank of water from a culture pond was added as inoculum, on the sixth and tenth days it was he added balanced, theoretically increasing the NAT by 4 mg/L and from day 12 by 1 mg/L. In the three C / N relationships, nitrification processes were evidenced during the stabilization of the biofloc, until reaching non-lethal concentrations of ammonium and nitrite for fish, less than 1 mg/L in time. Regarding volatile solids, a higher concentration was found in the 20/1 ratio, which can be attributed to the greater addition of molasses, with the consequent production of SSV from the dominance of heterotrophic communities, in the three macrocosms there were Zooplankton communities, however, T2 presented the highest abundance and richness of organisms. The three C / N relationships in biofloc established conditions of water quality and live food.

An evaluation of medication errors among staff nurses working in medicine intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital

Background: Medication errors are common problem in the hospitals leading to adverse drug event which is usually under reported by the health-care professionals; hence, the study on medication error would help to create consciousness in medical care providers and give quality care to patients and society. Aim and Objective: The aims of the study were as follows (i) To assess the types of medication error that occurs during medication use in the medicine intensive care unit (ICU) and (ii) to evaluate the adverse drug events by medication errors. Materials and Methods: The data were collected in medicine ICU Patients. Clinical data include age, gender, IP number, and diagnosis of the patient were collected. Data were analyzed on transcribed and administered medication errors. Out of 386 patients, 122 were females and 264 were males. Results: Most common age group was 41–60 year. Near seven drugs were prescribed per patient. Most common errors occurred during the drug transcribing stage (51.4%) than the administration stage (44.29%). Adverse events were more common in allergic reaction (46.15%) and musculoskeletal system (19.23%), and nervous system (11.53%). Conclusion: Medication errors are most routine problem faced in hospitals, which can significantly harm the patient. It should be recognized and their causes should be studied to minimize the recurrence and to prevent further adverse drug events.

A study on prescription pattern and safety profile of antimicrobial agents in medicine department of tertiary care hospital

Background: Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are an integral part of management of diseases in the department of general medicine, and a wide range of antimicrobials are used for prevention, prophylaxis, or treatment of various infectious diseases. Systematic studies regarding the pattern of AMAs use may help in improving the quality of patient care by evidence-based practices and also in formulating effective antimicrobial usage guidelines. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) To analyze the prescribing trends of Antimicrobials in Medicine wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital; (ii) to assess safety profile of AMAs; and (iii) to analyze extraneous factors influencing AMAs prescription. Materials and Methods: The prospective analysis of Antimicrobial prescriptions of Medicine wards for the period of July 2018–August 2019. The class of AMAs, formulation, dose, route of administration, frequency, and duration of administration and their safety was assessed using the WHO indicators. Results: The most frequently used AMAs were third generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) and it was frequently combined with metronidazole. The choice of initial AMAs was empirical, which was later changed depending on the clinical response. The AMAs were effective in preventing or controlling infections and well tolerated without any serious adverse reactions or drug interactions. Conclusions: The rational use of AMAs is necessary to control worldwide emergence of antibacterial resistance, side effects, and to reduce the cost of treatment.

The Characteristic, Occurrence of Aflatoxin and Associated Risk with Human Health

Aflatoxins are toxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. They are colorless, cannot be detected under normal light, odorless and contaminated foods most often do not have any special or bad smell. Environmental factors such as the temperature, and vectors causing grain damage have an important effect on favoring the colonization of fungus and the production of aflatoxins. They contaminate agriculture products worldwide affecting their quality, safety & security. The effects on safety & security cause health threats among people and animals on their long-term exposure through consumption because they are mutagenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. Humans and animals can develop the disease known as aflatoxicosis as a result of aflatoxins known as Acute and Chronic primary aflatoxicosis. Aflatoxins' long-term effects have been shown to decrease normal immune response also it can cause growth retardation in babies and affect nutritional deficiency. It can disrupt such enzymes that can affect hormones, endocrine glands, and neurotransmitters which may influence a person's cognitive abilities, memory, and learning, restlessness, muscular tremors, seizures, absentmindedness, tremors, uncoordinated movement of muscles, and aberrant agitation are caused by deficiencies in the neurotransmitters. Aflatoxin toxicity in humans can range from acute or chronic conditions to liver damage such as liver carcinoma, internal bleeding, edema, and instant death. Acute toxicosis can cause gastrointestinal dysfunctions in humans and animals. Aflatoxins have been shown to have detrimental negative impacts on vascular fragility and cardiovascular health, tissue bleeding, and teratogenic consequences. According to reports, aflatoxins have severe and detrimental impacts mostly on the respiratory systems it can also cause lung cancer.

Awareness of health care workers regarding COVID-19 vaccine in a tertiary care hospital-a knowledge, attitude, and practice study

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2-novel coronavirus termed as COVID 19 is a major outbreak which was deleterious globally created a rapid cases of pulmonary infectious disease that caused the SARS. Building up confidence in vaccination depends on the interaction between public and doctors. Attitude toward usage of vaccination by healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major factor that is associated with general public acceptance of vaccination, fidelity to schedules, and devoid of hesitation/aversion. In addition, vaccinated HCWs also have a perceptible effect of decisiveness in general public to take a vaccine. Aims and Objectives: To understand the knowledge, attitude and practices on COVID vaccine among HCWs. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based, observational cross-sectional study done in Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching hospital, Hassan. A sample of 340 HCWs who have been vaccinated 1st dose of inactivated COVID Vaccine was taken up for the study. A predesigned questionnaire was prepared and given to all the HCWs in the observation period of 30 min after vaccination. The questionnaire had 13 questions, and the data were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: This study was done in a district hospital, Hassan, Karnataka with a sample size of 340 HCWs participated in the study and completed the study questionnaire, out of which 146 men (43.4%) and 190 women (56.54%). Willingness to take the vaccine is 96%. 93.4% of HCWs encourage others to take vaccine. Our institution arranged a adverse events following immunization reporting and monitoring team management and 93.9% of the HCWs knew where to report if any adverse events occur in the observation period of 30 min after vaccination and also after going back to their respective homes through a telephone number and also this will help knowing the and acceptability of the vaccines. Conclusion: HCWs play an influential role in general public vaccination program. The information from this study will help to gain more knowledge and also allow the general public to future vaccination acceptability. The approach of HCWs might help in creating awareness and preventing false information about COVID vaccine among general public.

Haematological and Anthropometric Profile in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Non-diabetic Pregnant Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Aim: Haematological and anthropometric profile of pregnant women who had gestational diabetes and non-diabetic pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria were evaluated, Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 70 pregnant women comprising of 40 diabetic and 30 non-diabetics for the purpose of comparing haematological and anthropometrical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. Using standard venipuncture technique,5ml blood sample was aseptically drawn from the subjects and 2.5ml dropped into each of two different anticoagulant sample bottles -Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic Acid(EDTA) and fluoride-oxalate bottles respectively. The methods of choice for estimation of parameters were Enzymatic Colorimetric method for glucose and Automation using Sysmex KX-21N Haematology Analyzer for full blood count. Results were statistically analyzed using Graph Pad prism version 5.0 and statistical significance set at P<0.05.Results: Mean± SD results for diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women respectively showed Haemoglobin concentration (10.99±0.69g/dl versus 10.69±1.01g/dl), Packed cell volume (31.7±1.96% versus 32.89±3.89%), Red blood cell(3.99±0.29106/µl versus 3.85±0.39×106/µl), Mean cell haemoglobin (27.51±1.22pg versus 27.54±2.22pg), Platelets count (223.3±52.67103/µl versus 205.5±45.09×103/µl), Mean cell haemoglobin concentrations(34.49±1.19g/dl versus 32.54±3.17g/dl)these results were not statistically significantly different(P>0.05). The mean± SD of white blood cell (9.73±0.49103/µl versus 7.27±1.66×103/µl) and mean cell volume (79.3±4.16 fl and 85.24±0.39fl) were statistically significantly different (P<0.05).Mean± SD of subject’s blood pressure showed, Systolic (116±11.52 mm/Hg and 105±5.72 mm/Hg),Diastolic (77±17.86 and 68±1.11 mm/Hg), results were statistically significantly different (P<0.001).Age did not show statistical significant difference (P>0.05).Body mass index (BMI) 28.33±3.81 kg/m2, 32.86±5 kg/m2, 37.96±.3.44 kg/m2 showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) at the Gestational ages of(1-3), (4-6) and (7-9) months respectively while that of the non-diabetic were obviously not statistically significantly different (P>0.05).Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is capable of causing changes in haematological parameters; but it could improve or disappear after child birth. Factors such as lifestyle activities and diet can predispose pregnant women to gestational diabetes mellitus and this can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby.

Renal amyloidosis: a new time for a complete diagnosis

Amyloidoses are a group of disorders in which soluble proteins aggregate and deposit extracellularly in tissues as insoluble fibrils, causing organ dysfunction. Clinical management depends on the subtype of the protein deposited and the affected organs. Systemic amyloidosis may stem from anomalous proteins, such as immunoglobulin light chains or serum amyloid proteins in chronic inflammation or may arise from hereditary disorders. Hereditary amyloidosis consists of a group of rare conditions that do not respond to chemotherapy, hence the identification of the amyloid subtype is essential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The kidney is the organ most frequently involved in systemic amyloidosis. Renal amyloidosis is characterized by acellular pathologic Congo red-positive deposition of amyloid fibrils in glomeruli, vessels, and/or interstitium. This disease manifests with heavy proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and progression to end-stage kidney failure. In some situations, it is not possible to identify the amyloid subtype using immunodetection methods, so the diagnosis remains indeterminate. In cases where hereditary amyloidosis is suspected or cannot be excluded, genetic testing should be considered. Of note, laser microdissection/mass spectrometry is currently the gold standard for accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis, especially in inconclusive cases. This article reviews the clinical manifestations and the current diagnostic landscape of renal amyloidosis.

Effects of caffeine on central and peripheral fatigue following closed- and open-loop cycling exercises

We examined whether endurance performance and neuromuscular fatigue would be affected by caffeine ingestion during closed- and open-loop exercises. Nine cyclists performed a closed-loop (4,000-m cycling time trial) and an open-loop exercise (work rate fixed at mean power of the closed-loop trial) 60 min after ingesting caffeine (CAF, 5 mg/kg) or placebo (PLA, cellulose). Central and peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre- to post-exercise decrease in quadriceps voluntary activation and potentiated twitch force, respectively. Test sensitivity for detecting caffeine-induced improvements in exercise performance was calculated as the mean change in time divided by the error of measurement. Caffeine ingestion reduced the time of the closed-loop trial (PLA: 375.1±14.5 s vs CAF: 368.2±14.9 s, P=0.024) and increased exercise tolerance during the open-loop trial (PLA: 418.2±99.5 s vs CAF: 552.5±106.5 s, P=0.001), with similar calculated sensitivity indices (1.5, 90%CI: 0.7-2.9 vs 2.8, 90%CI: 1.9-5.1). The reduction in voluntary activation was more pronounced (P=0.019) in open- (-6.8±8.3%) than in closed-loop exercises (-1.9±4.4%), but there was no difference between open- and closed-loop exercises for the potentiated twitch force reduction (-25.6±12.8 vs -26.6±12.0%, P>0.05). Caffeine had no effect on central and peripheral fatigue development in either mode of exercise. In conclusion, caffeine improved endurance performance in both modes of exercise without influence on post-exercise central and peripheral fatigue, with the open-loop exercise imposing a greater challenge to central fatigue tolerance.

Troubleshooting obstetric spinal anaesthesia at district hospital level

Obstetric spinal anaesthesia is routinely used in South African district hospitals for caesarean sections, providing better maternal and neonatal outcomes than general anaesthesia in appropriate patients. However, practitioners providing anaesthesia in this context are usually generalists who practise anaesthesia infrequently and may be unfamiliar with dealing with complications of spinal anaesthesia or with conversion from spinal to general anaesthesia. This is compounded by challenges with infrastructure, shortages of equipment and sundries and a lack of context-sensitive guidelines and support from specialised anaesthetic services for district hospitals. This continuous professional development (CPD) article aims to provide guidance with respect to several key areas related to obstetric spinal anaesthesia, and to address common concerns and queries. We stress that good clinical practice is essential to avoid predictable, common complications, and hence a thorough preoperative preparation is essential. We further discuss clinical indications for preoperative blood testing, spinal needle choice, the use of isobaric bupivacaine, spinal hypotension, failed or partial spinal block and pain during the caesarean section. Where possible, relevant local and international guidelines are referenced for further reading and guidance, and a link to a presentation of this topic is provided.Keywords: anaesthesia; resource-limited settings; emergency surgery; obstetric spinal anaesthesia; anaesthetic complications; caesarean section.

Epidemiology of Dengue in patients with febrile syndrome at Saint Camille Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from 2020 to 2

: Dengue is still a public health problem in tropical countries. This disease, which had almost disappeared in some areas of the world, has become re-emergent in certain parts of the world including Africa.The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and evolution of Dengue virus (DENV) infection from 2020 to 2021 at the Hospital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive analytical study of patients seen in general practice with febrile syndrome referred for serological diagnosis of Dengue at the HOSCO laboratory over a period of 2 years (January 1, 2020 ­ December 31, 2021). The "Dengue Duo (AgNS1/IgM/IgG)" kit from SD Bioline was used for the rapid diagnosis through the detection of NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software. Association between demographic data and prevalence of DENV infection was determined by Chisquare test and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: A total of 2957 patients aged 0-94 years were referred for serological diagnosis of DENV infection at the HOSCO laboratory over the period 2020-2021, comprising 56.3% females and 43.7% males. The overall prevalence of acute DENV infection (NS1Ag positive) was 5.4% (159/2957), with 2.4% (41/1700) in 2020 and 9.4% (118/1257) in 2021 (OR=4.192, 95% CI=2.915-6.028, p<0.0001). The prevalence of acute DENV infection of 7.0% (91/1292) in the males was significantly higher than 4.1% (68/1665) in the females (OR=1.779, 95% CI=1.288-2.458, p=0.0005), and also significantly higher in age groups 20-29 years (7.6%), 10-19 years (6.9%) and 40-49 years (5.8%) than other age groups (X 2=14.928, p=0.0107). The overall prevalence of DENV IgM and IgG antibodies was 3.2% and 37.3% respectively. The prevalence of DENV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in males (44.0%) than females (32.1%) (OR=1.667, 95%CI=1.434-1.938, p<0.0001) and in age groups 30-39 (43.4%), 40-49 (44.0%) and >50 years (49.3%) than other age groups (X2=121.0, p<0.0001), indicating that past exposure to DENV infection is higher among males and older age groups. The peak of DENV infection was between October and November with 84.3% (134/159) of NS1Ag positivity occurring during this period. Conclusion: The present study reports a high prevalence of acute Dengue virus infection in patients from October to November. To eradicate Dengue which has become a tropical silent epidemic, interventions such as vector control, availability of and accessibility to diagnostic tests, and good therapeutic management are of great importance

Growth and hematological responses of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum fed different levels of rice, Oryza spp / Crescimento e resposta hematológica do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum alimentados com diferentes níveis de arroz, Oryza spp

Abstract The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a fish of primary importance in South American aquaculture, principally in the Amazon region and has a particularly unique diet in the wild. Oryza spp, or Wild rice as it is commonly known, is native to the floodplains of muddy rivers in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical performance and the effects of dietary levels of Oryza spp. via the hematological parameters, total food intake, conversion efficiency, growth ratio and swimming performance of this fish. Diets containing 45% Oryza spp. induced the best performance in tambaqui. Diets containing 15% and 30% did not affect these indices, thus indicating that this amount of Oryza can be used as an alternative energy source for this important species within Brazilian aquaculture.

Resumo O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é um peixe de importância na aquicultura brasileira, especialmente na região amazônica. O arroz silvestre é comum nas planícies inundadas dos rios de aguas barrentas da Amazônia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos combinados do treinamento físico e dos níveis dietéticos de Oryza spp. nos parâmetros hematológicos, consumo de alimentos, eficiência de conversão, taxa de crescimento e desempenho de natação deste peixe. Dietas contendo 45% de arroz apresentaram o melhor desempenho para tambaquis. As dietas contendo 15% e 30% não afetaram esses índices, indicando que alguma quantidade de arroz pode ser usada como fonte de energia alternativa para esta importante espécie dentro da aquicultura.

Evaluación del agua minero-medicinal de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, provincia del Chaco, Argentina / Evaluation of the mineral-medicinal water of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, Chaco province, Argentina / Avaliação da água mineral-medicinal da Presidência Roque Sáenz Peña, província de Chaco, Argentina

RESUMEN Introducción: El agua minero-medicinal estudiada procede del Complejo Termal de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, provincia del Chaco, ubicado en el nordeste de Argentina. Las aguas de los acuíferos terciarios del norte argentino presentan un marcado gradiente de salinidad desde el sector oeste (subgrupo Jujuy) hasta el sector este (formación Chaco). Los acuíferos son procesos dinámicos y, en consecuencia, la composición del agua subterránea natural debe contemplarse con la perspectiva de su posible variación espacio-temporal. Objetivos: Analizar y comparar la composición química y la calidad microbiológica del agua de las termas de la ciudad de Sáenz Peña en el período 2016-2018 y evaluar sus principales características fisicoquímicas que definen sus potenciales aplicaciones terapéuticas. Resultados: El agua termal por su temperatura se clasifica como agua hipotermal, con pH cercano a la neutralidad, conductividad elevada mostrando su relación directa con la alta salinidad. Por su porcentual equivalente se define como agua clorurada, con alto contenido del anión sulfato y los cationes sodio, potasio, calcio y magnesio. De acuerdo con la composición mayoritaria de cloruros, el uso terapéutico vía tópica sería recomendado para afecciones óseas y musculares, así como problemas dermatológicos y circulatorios.

SUMMARY Introduction: The mineral-medicinal water studied comes from the Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña Thermal Complex, Chaco province, located in the northeast of Argentina. The waters of the tertiary aquifers of northern Argentina present a marked salinity gradient from the western sector (Jujuy subgroup) to the eastern sector (Chaco formation). Aquifers are dynamic processes and consequently, the composition of natural groundwater must be viewed from the perspective of its possible spatial-temporal variation. Aims: To analyse and to compare the chemical composition and microbiological quality of thermal water of the city of Sáenz Peña in the 2016-2018 period and to evaluate its main physicochemical characteristics that define its potential therapeutic applications. Results: Due to its temperature, the thermal water is classified as hypothermal water, with a pH close to neutrality, high conductivity, showing its direct relationship with high salinity. Its equivalent percentage defined as chlorinated water, with high content of the sulphate anion and the cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. According to the majority composition of chlorides, topical use is recommended for bone and muscle ailments, as well as dermatological and circulatory problems.

RESUMO Introdução: A água mineral-medicinal estudada provém do Complexo Térmico Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, província de Chaco, localizada no nordeste da Argentina. As águas dos aquíferos terciários do norte da Argentina apresentam um acentuado gradiente de salinidade do setor ocidental (subgrupo Jujuy) ao setor oriental (formação Chaco). Os aquíferos são processos dinâmicos e, consequentemente, a composição da água subterrânea natural deve ser vista sob a perspectiva de sua possível variação espaço-temporal. Objetivos: Analisar e comparar a composição química e qualidade microbiológica das águas termais da cidade de Sáenz Peña no período 2016-2018 e avaliar suas principais características físico-químicas que definem seus potenciais aplicações terapêuticas. Resultados: Devido à sua temperatura, a água termal é classificada como água hipotérmica, com pH próximo da neutralidade, alta condutividade, mostrando sua relação direta com a alta salinidade. Seu percentual equivalente definido como água clorada, com alto teor do ânion sulfato e dos cátions sódio, potássio, cálcio e magnésio. De acordo com a composição majoritária dos cloretos, o uso tópico é recomendado para doenças ósseas e musculares, bem como para problemas dermatológicos e circulatórios.

Hematological parameters of three species of the peacock bass (Cichla spp. ) from Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil / Parâmetros hematológicos de três espécies de tucunarés (Cichla spp. ) do lago de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the hematological variables (erythrogram, thrombogram, leukogram and plasma metabolites) of three cichlid species: Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri. A total of 45 specimens were captured in Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, with the aid of a rod and reel or hand line, with natural or artificial bait: 15 C. monoculus, 15 C. temensis and 15 C. vazzoleri. Their blood was removed by means of caudal puncture of the dorsal aorta, and hematological data were determined in accordance with methodology previously described in the literature. The erythrogram showed similarities between the species, while the thrombogram showed differences between C. vazzoleri and the other species studied (C. monoculus and C. temensis). The total leukocyte counts for C. temensis and C. vazzoleri were higher than those of C. monoculus. The predominant leukocyte in C. temensis and C. vazzoleri was lymphocytes, whereas it was monocytes in C. monoculus. The plasma metabolites showed differences between the three cichlid species, regarding their glucose, cholesterol, urea and potassium levels. It is concluded that these three species present hematological differentiation, thus indicating that they have differentiated blood-cell immune responses and plasma metabolite physiology.

Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e comparar as variáveis hematológicas (eritrograma, trombograma, leucograma e metabólitos plasmáticos) de três espécies de tucunarés Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis e Cichla vazzoleri. Um total de 45 animais foi capturado no lago de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, com auxílio de vara e carretilha, linha de mão com isca natural e artificial, sendo 15 C. monoculos, 15 C. temensis e 15 C. vazzoleri. O sangue foi retirado por punção caudal da aorta dorsal e os dados hematológicos foram determinados de acordo com metodologia previamente descrita na literatura. No eritrograma foram observadas similaridades entre as espécies, o trombograma demonstrou diferenças entre o C. vazzoleri e as demais espécies estudadas (C. monoculus e C. temensis), a contagem total de leucócitos demonstrou que em C. temensis e C. vazzoleri os valores são superiores ao C. monoculus. Foi demonstrado que os linfócitos foram às células predominantes em C. temensis e C. vazzoleri, diferentemente do C. monoculos que apresentou como leucócito predominante os monócitos. Nos metabólitos plasmáticos, foi possível observar diferenças entre as três espécies de tucunarés nos níveis de glicose, colesterol, uréia e potássio. Conclui-se que as três espécies de tucunarés apresentam diferenciação hematológica, indicando que as mesmas possuem respostas diferenciadas, na resposta imunológica de suas células do sangue e na fisiologia dos metabólitos plasmáticos.

Associations of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular outcomes with climatic variations in a large Brazilian population of Campinas, São Paulo state: an eight-year study

In this eight-year retrospective study, we evaluated the associations between climatic variations and the biological rhythms in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a large population of Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil, as well as temporal changes of outcomes of cardiovascular hospitalizations. Climatic variables were obtained at the Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture (University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil). The plasma lipid databases surveyed were from 27,543 individuals who had their lipid profiles assessed at the state university referral hospital in Campinas (Unicamp). The frequency of hospitalizations was obtained from the Brazilian Public Health database (DATASUS). Temporal statistical analyses were performed using the methods Cosinor or Friedman (ARIMA) and the temporal series were compared by cross-correlation functions. In normolipidemic cases (n=11,892), significantly different rhythmicity was observed in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) both higher in winter and lower in summer. Dyslipidemia (n=15,651) increased the number and amplitude of lipid rhythms: LDL-C and HDL-C were higher in winter and lower in summer, and the opposite occurred with triglycerides. The number of hospitalizations showed maximum and minimum frequencies in winter and in summer, respectively. A coincident rhythmicity was observed of lower temperature and humidity rates with higher plasma LDL-C, and their temporal series were inversely cross-correlated. This study shows for the first time that variations of temperature, humidity, and daylight length were strongly associated with LDL-C and HDL-C seasonality, but moderately to lowly associated with rhythmicity of atherosclerotic outcomes. It also indicates unfavorable cardiovascular-related changes during wintertime.

Kahweol, a natural diterpene from coffee, induces peripheral antinociception by endocannabinoid system activation

Kahweol is a compound derived from coffee with reported antinociceptive effects. Based on the few reports that exist in the literature regarding the mechanisms involved in kahweol-induced peripheral antinociceptive action, this study proposed to investigate the contribution of the endocannabinoid system to the peripheral antinociception induced in rats by kahweol. Hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and was measured with the paw pressure test. Kahweol and the drugs to test the cannabinoid system were administered locally into the right hind paw. The endocannabinoids were purified by open-bed chromatography on silica and measured by LC-MS. Kahweol (80 µg/paw) induced peripheral antinociception against PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. This effect was reversed by the intraplantar injection of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 (20, 40, and 80 μg/paw), but not by the CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM630 (100 μg/paw). Treatment with the endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor VDM11 (2.5 μg/paw) intensified the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by low-dose kahweol (40 μg/paw). The monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, JZL184 (4 μg/paw), and the dual MAGL/fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, MAFP (0.5 μg/paw), potentiated the peripheral antinociceptive effect of low-dose kahweol. Furthermore, kahweol increased the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, but not of the other endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol nor of anandamide-related N-acylethanolamines, in the plantar surface of the rat paw. Our results suggested that kahweol induced peripheral antinociception via anandamide release and activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors and this compound could be used to develop new drugs for pain relief.

Association between burnout and wellness culture among emergency medicine providers

Objective@#Burnout is a common occurrence among healthcare providers and has been associated with provider wellness culture. However, this association has not been extensively studied among emergency medicine (EM) providers. We aim to determine the association between EM provider burnout and their culture of wellness, and to elicit the independent wellness culture domains most predictive of burnout prevention. @*Methods@#This was a multi-center observational study. We enrolled EM physicians and advanced practice providers from sixteen different emergency departments (EDs). Provider wellness culture and burnout surveys were performed. The wellness culture domains included in this study are personal/organizational value alignment, provider appreciation, leadership quality, self-controlled scheduling, peer support, and family support. Correlations between each wellness culture domain and burnout were analyzed by Pearson correlation co-efficiency, and their associations were measured by multivariate logistic regression with adjustments of other confounders. @*Results@#A total of 242 ED provider surveys were entered for final analysis. The overall burnout rate was 54% (130/242). Moderate correlations were found between burnout and two wellness culture domains (value alignment: r=-0.43, P<0.001 and provider appreciation: r=-0.49, P<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio of provider appreciation associated with burnout was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.77; P=0.004), adjusted odds ratio of family support was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.95; P=0.025). @*Conclusion@#ED providers have a relatively high burnout rate. Provider burnout might have certain associations with wellness culture domains. Provider appreciation and family support seem to play important roles in burnout protection.

Association between burnout and wellness culture among emergency medicine providers

Objective@#Burnout is a common occurrence among healthcare providers and has been associated with provider wellness culture. However, this association has not been extensively studied among emergency medicine (EM) providers. We aim to determine the association between EM provider burnout and their culture of wellness, and to elicit the independent wellness culture domains most predictive of burnout prevention. @*Methods@#This was a multi-center observational study. We enrolled EM physicians and advanced practice providers from sixteen different emergency departments (EDs). Provider wellness culture and burnout surveys were performed. The wellness culture domains included in this study are personal/organizational value alignment, provider appreciation, leadership quality, self-controlled scheduling, peer support, and family support. Correlations between each wellness culture domain and burnout were analyzed by Pearson correlation co-efficiency, and their associations were measured by multivariate logistic regression with adjustments of other confounders. @*Results@#A total of 242 ED provider surveys were entered for final analysis. The overall burnout rate was 54% (130/242). Moderate correlations were found between burnout and two wellness culture domains (value alignment: r=-0.43, P<0.001 and provider appreciation: r=-0.49, P<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio of provider appreciation associated with burnout was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.77; P=0.004), adjusted odds ratio of family support was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.95; P=0.025). @*Conclusion@#ED providers have a relatively high burnout rate. Provider burnout might have certain associations with wellness culture domains. Provider appreciation and family support seem to play important roles in burnout protection.

Effect of the subdose of human chorionic gonadotropin applied in the Hou Hai acupoint on ovulation induction in mares / [Efeito da subdose de gonadotrofina coriônica humana aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai sobre a indução da ovulação em éguas]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an hCG sub dose applied at the Hou Hai acupoint on corpus luteum (CL) quality and ovulation induction in mares. Fifteen crossbred mares were distributed in randomized blocks and used in three periods with each period employed as the blocking factor in three treatments: T1 = 1500 IU of hCG via intravenous (IV); T2 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the false acupoint (IV); and T3 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the Hou Hai acupoint. Mean diameter of the CL, serum concentration of progesterone (P4), vascularization of the pre-ovulatory follicle and CL were evaluated. Females administered 450 IU of hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint exhibited greater ovulation rates (33.33%) 48h after induction; The minimum number of colored pixel (NCP) of the pre-ovulatory follicle of control females was superior (40.33) to that of mares administered 450 IU of hCG IV at the false acupoint (36.84) and similar to that of those administered hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint (39.31). Further, moderately positive correlations were found between the CL diameter and the P4 concentration on D8 (P<0.05). IV administration of 450 IU of hCG or at the Hou Hai acupoint was efficient at inducing ovulation and ensuring the quality of CL in mares.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma subdose de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai na qualidade do corpo lúteo (CL) e na indução da ovulação em éguas. Quinze éguas mestiças foram distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, sendo o período utilizado como fator de blocagem, em: T1 = 1500 UI de hCG por via intravenosa (IV); T2 = 450 UI de hCG aplicado no falso acuponto (IV) e T3 = 450 UI de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai. Avaliou-se diâmetro médio do CL, concentração sérica de progesterona (P4), vascularização do folículo pré-ovulatório e do CL. As fêmeas que receberam 450 UI de hCG no acuponto Hou Hai apresentaram maiores taxas de ovulação (33,33%) 48h após a indução. O número de pixels coloridos (NPC) mínimo do folículo pré-ovulatório das fêmeas do grupo controle foi superior (40,33) ao das éguas que receberam 450 UI de hCG IV no falso acuponto (36,84) e semelhante ao das éguas que receberam hCG no acuponto Hou Hai (39,31); correlações moderadamente positivas foram encontradas entre o diâmetro do CL e a concentração de P4, ambos no D8 (P <0,05). A administração IV de 450 UI de hCG ou no acuponto Hou Hai foi eficiente na indução da ovulação e na garantia da qualidade do CL nas éguas.(AU)

Ornamental fishing in the region of Barcelos, Amazonas: socioeconomic description and scenario of activity in the view of piabeiros / A pesca ornamental na região de Barcelos, Amazonas: descrição socieconômica e cenário da atividade na visão dos piabeiros

Abstract The Negro river basin is considered the largest area of extractive of ornamental fish in Brazil. This area has fundamental importance for the populations from the Amazon. The present study aimed to describe socioeconomic profile of ornamental fishermen known as "piabeiros" in the Municipality of Barcelos, as well as the ornamental fishery, fisheries area, target species, environments, fishing techniques, equipment, capture techniques and main difficulties faced by the current activity. This study was carried out in municipality of Barcelos, through semi - structured interviews, with artisanal ornamental fishermen (N= 89). The main families of ornamental fish caught and traded were: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae and Gymnotidae. The main catchment areas were igarapés, lakes, flooded fields, beaches, river banks and igapó forest. Rapiché was the most used equipment in the fisheries both by the fishermen of the urban areas (43.81%) and rural (41.89%). Most of the fishermen are associated with the colony of fishermen of Barcelos (Z33). The data showed that the dynamics of ornamental fishing have changed in a short time and directly affected fishermen, in addition to the low age renewal with the participation of younger fishermen, threatening the transmission of ecological knowledge to future generations. As a result, the increase of the problems related to the productive chain and absence of public power to the activity, since ornamental fishing has already been treated as one of the main economic activities more important for the local communities and for the State of Amazonas.

Resumo A bacia do rio Negro é considerada a maior área de extrativismo de peixes ornamentais do Brasil. Esta área possui importância fundamental para as populações da Amazônia. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil socioeconômico de pescadores conhecidos como "piabeiros" no município de Barcelos, bem como a pesca ornamental, área de pesca, espécies-alvo, ambientes, técnicas de pesca, equipamentos, técnicas de captura e dificuldades enfrentadas nesta atividade. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi - estruturadas, com pescadores artesanais ornamentais (N= 89). Os dados mostram que as famílias de peixes ornamentais capturados e comercializados foram: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae e Gymnotidae. As áreas de captura descritas foram igarapés, lagos, alagados, praias, margens de rios e floresta de igapó. O Rapiché foi o equipamento mais utilizado nas pescarias tanto pelos pescadores das áreas urbanas (43,81%) como rurais (41,89%). A maioria dos pescadores está associada à colônia de pescadores de Barcelos (Z33). Os dados coletados mostraram que a dinâmica da pesca ornamental mudou em pouco tempo e afetou diretamente os pescadores. Além da baixa taxa de renovação, com a participação de pescadores mais jovens, ameaçando a transmissão de conhecimento ecológico para as gerações futuras. Como resultado, notamos o aumento dos problemas relacionados à cadeia produtiva e a ausência de poder público na atividade. A pesca ornamental já foi tratada como uma das principais atividades econômicas para as comunidades locais e para o Estado do Amazonas.